![]() ![]() Last, the analysis of the modern Raiale River longitudinal profile denoted an ungraded status, with two main knickzones that we interpret as transient forms due to tectonic perturbations, likely triggered by activity of the Paganica Fault during the end Early Pleistocene and the Late Pleistocene. This denudation is in keeping with the drainage incision, suggesting a non-steady state for the fault footwall topography and a dominance of relief growth. In parallel, using terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides, a denudation rate of 0.02–0.04 mm/a was measured on the summit of the footwall block. Terrace dating yielded a minimum incision rate of 0.25 ± 0.02 mm/a, which only partially compensates the footwall uplift and can thus be considered as a minimum value for the Paganica Fault throw rate, which could reach up to ~0.45 mm/a. The Raiale River downcutting formed five Middle–Late Pleistocene fluvial terraces, that, along with absolute optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, allowed the identification of paleolongitudinal profiles with a diverging downstream configuration. Starting from the late Early Pleistocene–Middle Pleistocene, fluvial dissection was mainly due to marked river downcutting triggered by significant activity of the Paganica Fault, which caused progressive base-level lowering. ![]() Using morphostratigraphy and paleomagnetic analysis, the Plio–Pleistocene morphotectonic evolution of the area was reconstructed, comprising an ancient continental basin and paleolandforms that predate the footwall incision. The aim was to constrain the active tectonics by studying the Raiale River that orthogonally crosscuts the fault trace, where it provides a useful geomorphological marker of long-term fluvial incision and footwall uplift. The footwall of the surface rupturing Paganica normal fault, the source of the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake (Mw 6.1) in the Central Apennines (Italy), was investigated using integrated geological and geomorphological approaches. We interpret the initiation of E‐W extension as the result of a change in plate boundary conditions, in response to either propagation of the North Anatolian Fault, incipient collision with the African plate, mantle dynamics or a combination thereof. Our findings on‐ and offshore suggest that E‐W extension is the dominant mode of regional active upper crustal deformation, and N‐S normal faults accommodate most, if not all of the uplift on Kythira. Guided by simple landscape evolution models, we interpret the coastal morphology as the result of initial stability or of slow, gradual sea‐level drop since ∼2.8–2.4 Ma, followed by faster uplift since ∼1.5–0.7 Ma. Subsequent marine regression of ∼300–400 m and minor E‐W tilt are recorded in ∼12 marine terrace levels for which we estimate uplift rates of ∼0.2–0.4 mm/yr. We find that the Tortonian‐Pliocene stratigraphy in Kythira records ∼100 m of subsidence, and a wide coastal rasa marks the ∼2.8–2.4 Ma maximum transgression. We present a morphotectonic map of the island, together with new biostratigraphic dating and detailed analyses of active fault strikes and marine terraces. The remarkable geology and geomorphology of Kythira Island, in the southwestern Hellenic forearc, allow for a detailed tectonic reconstruction since the Late Miocene. Multiple areas of the Hellenic Forearc have been uplifting since Plio‐Quaternary times, yet spatiotemporal characteristics and sources of this uplift are poorly resolved. ![]() #Mapublisher rotate text licenseOne way to create feature labels is to first select all the features to be labeled and use Label Features to label all of them by specified attribute values.Īn alternate method involves using the MAP Tagger Tool to apply labels individually, also by specified attribute values.Īs a complement to the labeling functions, Create Knockouts masks the part of line features covered by text labels for improved text legibility.įor more advanced labeling capabilities see more about MAPublisher LabelPro (additional license required).Several crustal and lithospheric mechanisms lead to deformation and vertical motion of the upper plate during subduction, but their relative contribution is often enigmatic. MAPublisher provides two methods of adding labels to a map, both of which contain options to place labels intelligently using defined label settings. Manually entering and placing labels is not necessary, provided that the labeling information is included in the map attributes of the MAP Layer being labeled. One of the most useful features of MAPublisher is the ability to create labels for map objects using values from the MAP Attributes panel. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |